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The most important criterion for evaluating the usefulness of an alternative citizenship is that it be acquired in accordance with the Constitution and laws of the issuing nation, i.e. that it be legal. Nationality and passports obtained by illegal means such as bribes are often heard of. As mentioned before, in most countries it is possible to make (illegal) direct payments to dishonest government officials in return for passports and citizenship documents. Holders of such documents run a serious risk of exposure, arrest and deportation. Even in those few countries where there actually are provisions in the law which give the Prime Minister or other Government Ministers discretion regarding the granting of citizenship, if any payment is involved it is bribery, which is a crime in many countries. This may and frequently does result in the revocation of previously granted citizenship and passports after a change of Government. Persons who have acquired documents this way are also frequently blackmailed or forced to pay further "fees" later on. This is why it is crucial that citizenship is obtained based upon clear provisions in the law.

A related criterion is that the granting of citizenship and the passports issued in conjunction therewith be recognised by other nations. Again, where full citizenship has been granted based upon explicit legal provisions of a country, it will be recognised by other countries.

Other important points to consider when intending to become a citizen of choice include the geographic location of the chosen country, the official language, the legal system, banking and business environment, political and economic stability, visa-free travel possibilities, prestige of the passport of that country, and of course initial and future overall costs.

We give advice on the citizenship laws of the most relevant jurisdictions, and we advise on all legal possibilities and programmes currently available to acquire citizenship of a chosen country and to legally obtain a second passport. We give unbiased information and advice on the advantages and disadvantages of the available options. Individuals as well as other law and consulting firms worldwide rely on us for specialist advice and assistance in this delicate area where our expertise and experience are second to none.

Henley & Partners have the expertise to offer you the best options with a sound legal basis. We are also constantly informed of the many illegal "programmes" frequently on offer. We have our own offices in all key jurisdictions and constantly monitor the worldwide situation. Please contact us for detailed information and personal advice.